Allergic rhinitis is a common condition that affects, according to the WHO (World Health Organization), almost 400 million people. This disease not only impacts on quality of life, but is associated with important comorbidities such as asthma and sinusitis. The prevalence of this condition has generated a large economic impact due to its effects on productivity and health.
What is allergic rhinitis?
Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory condition caused by a hypersensitivity reaction to allergens such as pollen, dust mites and animal epithelia, among others. Symptoms include nasal congestion, watery discharge, itching and sneezing. Many patients also experience eye symptoms.
Rhinitis can be seasonal or perennial, depending on the allergen. In addition, some patients may have acute exacerbations.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of allergic rhinitis is based on the patient’s medical history, assessing factors such as environment and allergen exposure. It can be confirmed by skin prick tests (prick test), which identify allergic sensitisation, or by measurement of specific immunoglobulin E in serum. In some cases, if these tests are inconclusive, the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) may be used. It is crucial to differentiate it from other causes of rhinitis, such as vasomotor rhinitis or anatomical problems.
Epidemiology and aetiology
The prevalence of allergic rhinitis has increased significantly over the last 40 years due to urbanisation and the rise of allergic diseases. It usually manifests between 20 and 40 years of age.
Complications and quality of life
Allergic rhinitis can affect quality of life, affecting sleep, concentration and work performance.
- Management strategies
- Allergen avoidance
- Drug treatments
- Allergen immunotherapy
Bibliography:
- McDonnell J. The role of the immune system in allergic rhinitis. Health Medicine. 2021;28(3):137-141. doi:10.12968/hmed.2021.0570.
- Quirónsalud. According to the WHO (World Health Organization) it is estimated that almost 400 million people suffer from allergic rhinitis, the most common type of rhinitis. Quirónsalud. 2023.
